How do you choose between refinancing and extra payments?
The honest answer is "do the math" — and then check that the math survives reality. A refinance saves money only if the rate drop is large enough that the monthly savings outpaces the closing costs within a few years, AND you actually stay in the home long enough to capture those savings.
What rate drop justifies a refinance?
The classic rule of thumb is at least 0.75-1.0% below your current rate. Below that, closing costs typically eat the savings. The longer your remaining term, the smaller the rate drop needed to make a refi worthwhile.
When are extra payments the smarter move?
Extra payments win when current rates are not meaningfully lower than yours, when you plan to move within 3-5 years, or when you cannot easily come up with $5K-$10K for closing costs. They are zero-cost, fully reversible, and preserve your existing rate.